primary antibody against ffar4 protein (rabbit polyclonal 1:2,000  (Absolute Biotech Inc)

Journal: Frontiers in Physiology

Article Title: Expression of the Fatty Acid Receptors GPR84 and GPR120 and Cytodifferentiation of Epithelial Cells in the Gastric Mucosa of Mouse Pups in the Course of Dietary Transition

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00601

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in expression levels of GP84 and GPR120 in response to maternal and non-maternal diet. Relative expression levels for GPR84 and GPR120 were assayed by real time PCR from P7, P14, P18, P21, and P28. Each value corresponds to a pool of mRNA from 4 mice. Levels for both receptors were high at the suckling stages (P7, P14), declined with weaning (P18), and reached lower levels at P21 and P28 (post-weaning). Data were calculated using the comparative 2 −ΔΔCt method and expressed in arbitrary units (AU) as mean ± S.E.M. For normalization L8 was chosen that did not exhibit any significant change. Statistically significant results determined by the unpaired t -test are indicated by * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.005, *** P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Candidate receptors for MCFAs and LCFAs are the G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) GPR84 and GPR120 (FFAR4), which respond to fatty acids with a chain length of C9–C14 and C14–C22, respectively (Hirasawa et al., ; Wang et al., ; Tanaka et al., ).

Techniques: Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: Frontiers in Physiology

Article Title: Expression of the Fatty Acid Receptors GPR84 and GPR120 and Cytodifferentiation of Epithelial Cells in the Gastric Mucosa of Mouse Pups in the Course of Dietary Transition

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00601

Figure Lengend Snippet: Localization and characterization of GPR120-τGFP-immunoreactive cells in the gastric glands at P14. (A) GPR120-τGFP cells are confined to basal and apical regions of glandular invaginations. (B) CgA positive cells reside in the lower half of the gastric mucosa. (C) Dual immunostaining demonstrates colocalization with CgA in a portion of endocrine cells (yellow arrows). Asterisks point to goblet-shaped epithelial cells at the surface and in the gastric pits, the upper dashed line marks the transition between mucosa and lumen, the lower one the transition between mucosa and muscularis mucosae. Scale bar, 20 μm.

Article Snippet: Candidate receptors for MCFAs and LCFAs are the G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) GPR84 and GPR120 (FFAR4), which respond to fatty acids with a chain length of C9–C14 and C14–C22, respectively (Hirasawa et al., ; Wang et al., ; Tanaka et al., ).

Techniques: Immunostaining

Journal: Frontiers in Physiology

Article Title: Expression of the Fatty Acid Receptors GPR84 and GPR120 and Cytodifferentiation of Epithelial Cells in the Gastric Mucosa of Mouse Pups in the Course of Dietary Transition

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00601

Figure Lengend Snippet: Visualization of distinct surface cell types expressing GPR120-τGFP and GPR84. (A) A goblet-shaped cell with a large oval apical vacuole-like structure and an adjacent slender columnar cell display different signal intensities for GPR120-τGFP (arrowheads). (B) A patch of GPR84-positive surface cells is marked by asterisks. (C) Merged image shows the localization of GPR120-τGFP cells belonging to a patch of GPR84-expressing surface cells. (D–F) A pear-shaped cell with an apical thickening (arrowhead) typical for brush cells is immunoreactive for GPR120-τGFP ( D , green) and GPR84 ( E , red). Scale bar, 10 μm.

Article Snippet: Candidate receptors for MCFAs and LCFAs are the G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) GPR84 and GPR120 (FFAR4), which respond to fatty acids with a chain length of C9–C14 and C14–C22, respectively (Hirasawa et al., ; Wang et al., ; Tanaka et al., ).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Physiology

Article Title: Expression of the Fatty Acid Receptors GPR84 and GPR120 and Cytodifferentiation of Epithelial Cells in the Gastric Mucosa of Mouse Pups in the Course of Dietary Transition

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00601

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of GPR84 and GPR120-τGFP-expressing cells in the superficial epithelial lining at stage P14 and P28. (A) High magnification of a GPR84-positive cell revealing a surface cell type with large vacuole-like structures at P14. (B) Cytoplasmic content of surface cells is stained by Nile red. (C) Merged image shows that the vacuole is filled with lipid. Position of the nucleus is indicated by asterisks. (D–F) GPR120-τGFP positive surface cells with several vesicular- and small vacuole-like structures at P14. Labeling for GPR120-τGFP ( D , green) and Nile red ( E , red) shows staining of the cytoplasmic structures. (G–I) At P28, the superficial epithelial lining still comprises GPR120-τGFP positive surface cells ( G , green), but is devoid of Nile red staining and shows a decreased immunoreactivity for GPR84 ( H , red). Scale bar, 10 μm.

Article Snippet: Candidate receptors for MCFAs and LCFAs are the G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) GPR84 and GPR120 (FFAR4), which respond to fatty acids with a chain length of C9–C14 and C14–C22, respectively (Hirasawa et al., ; Wang et al., ; Tanaka et al., ).

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Labeling

Journal: Frontiers in Physiology

Article Title: Expression of the Fatty Acid Receptors GPR84 and GPR120 and Cytodifferentiation of Epithelial Cells in the Gastric Mucosa of Mouse Pups in the Course of Dietary Transition

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00601

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of GPR84 and GPR120-τGFP endocrine cells in suckling mice. Immunostaining for GPR84 ( A , red) and ghrelin ( B , green) demonstrates colocalization in all X/A-like cells ( C , merge). Labeling for GPR84 ( D , red) and somatostatin ( E , green) shows coexpression in a subpopulation of GPR84 positive cells ( F , merge). A subpopulation of GPR120-τGFP cells ( G , green) displays immunoreactivity for ghrelin ( H , green), as shown in the merged image ( I ). Single cells displayed immunoreactivity for GPR120-τGFP cells ( J , green) and somatostatin ( L , red), as shown in the merged image ( L ). Yellow arrows point to colabeled cells. Scale bar, 10 μm.

Article Snippet: Candidate receptors for MCFAs and LCFAs are the G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) GPR84 and GPR120 (FFAR4), which respond to fatty acids with a chain length of C9–C14 and C14–C22, respectively (Hirasawa et al., ; Wang et al., ; Tanaka et al., ).

Techniques: Immunostaining, Labeling

Journal: Frontiers in Physiology

Article Title: Expression of the Fatty Acid Receptors GPR84 and GPR120 and Cytodifferentiation of Epithelial Cells in the Gastric Mucosa of Mouse Pups in the Course of Dietary Transition

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00601

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in densities of endocrine cell types at stage P14 and P28. Frequencies of cells immunoreactive for CgA (A,C) and ghrelin (B , D) increased in the corpus mucosa. With maturation, the percentage of colocalization of GPR84 with CgA (A) and ghrelin (B) declined from 59 to 44% and from 95 to 83%, respectively. For GPR120, the percentage of overlap with CgA (C) and ghrelin (D) increased from 30 to 45% and from 43 to 59%, respectively. Cell densities are expressed as labeled cell numbers per unit area of 5 sections each animal ( n = 3–4). Ratios are expressed in percentages (secondary axis). Mean numbers (± SD ) of immunopositive cells at P14 (hatched) and P28 (dotted), *** P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Candidate receptors for MCFAs and LCFAs are the G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) GPR84 and GPR120 (FFAR4), which respond to fatty acids with a chain length of C9–C14 and C14–C22, respectively (Hirasawa et al., ; Wang et al., ; Tanaka et al., ).

Techniques: Labeling

Journal: American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology

Article Title: Novel identification of the free fatty acid receptor FFAR1 that promotes contraction in airway smooth muscle

doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00041.2015

Figure Lengend Snippet: Table 1.

Article Snippet: Slides were rinsed with PBST and incubated overnight at 4°C in primary antibody against the FFAR1 protein (rabbit polyclonal 1:500, sc-32905; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) or the FFAR4 protein (rabbit polyclonal 1:2,000, LS-C185366; LifeSpan Biosciences) in 2% normal goat serum in PBST.

Techniques:

Journal: American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology

Article Title: Novel identification of the free fatty acid receptor FFAR1 that promotes contraction in airway smooth muscle

doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00041.2015

Figure Lengend Snippet: Table 1.

Article Snippet: The PVDF membranes were blocked for 1 h at room temperature with 5% ECL prime membrane blocking reagent (RPN418; GE Healthcare) in TBS with 0.1% Tween 20 (TBST) and were then probed with antibodies directed against the FFAR1 protein (rabbit monoclonal 1:1,000, 3393-1; Epitomics) or the FFAR4 protein (rabbit polyclonal 1:1,000, LS-C185366; LifeSpan Biosciences) overnight at 4°C.

Techniques: